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Tag Archives: employment

Job Gains in Texas and Losses in Caifornia and Florida

Sort of, we can “celebrate” a birthday. 5 years ago, the Great Recession began.

And that takes us to Texas where they can celebrate. Among the large metropolitan areas in the US, Austin (#1), Houston (#2), San Antonio (#4) and Dallas (#7) are in the top 10 for employment numbers that have surpassed their 2007 totals.

Why Texas? The Economist suggests it is because of mortgage regulations that precluded a severe housing crisis, population increases, and of course, energy.

Based on BLS (Bureau of Labor Statistics) data, this Economist chart illustrates the employment divide between Texas and California.

Employment in Texas Exceeds 2007 Totals

Sources and Resources: My facts are from The Economist and business cycle data from the NBER (National Bureau of Economic Research).

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I just discovered a surprising statistic.

In the euro zone, judged by hours per week, the Germans are not nearly the hardest workers. Instead Greece, with an average of 42.1 hours is close to the top of the list. By contrast, for 2011, the average German devotes 35.5 hours to a job and the Netherlands, with the lowest time, is 30.5.

Greece????

The reasons that Greeks work long hours relate to where and who. More Greeks are in agriculture where longer hours prevail. Also, in Greece, people tend to work full time or not at all while in Germany there are more part-time opportunities. Finally, more women work in euro zone countries and women tend to work less.

This takes us to a predictable conclusion. Although Germans work less, they are much more productive. A Greek worker generates €20.3 per hour while Germans produce more than double at €42.3. In 2011, at €51.8 an hour, the Irish topped the productivity list and their low corporate tax seemed to be the reason. Attracting multinational firms, they became a magnet for the world’s best technology, technology that boosted Irish productivity to relatively stratospheric levels.

A definition: When we look at productivity, we are comparing  factor inputs-land, labor and capital– to the value of the goods and services they create. More output from less input means a more productive economy. It also means resources are then freed to do other work and produce still more.

Sources and Resources: Many thanks to the Brussels WSJ blog where I first saw the Greek German worker hours/productivity comparison. For up-to-date information and analysis on worker hours and productivity, Eurostats has easily accessible data.

Euro Zone Labor Productivity Per Hour Worked

Legend (euro per hour worked):

  • Lighter yellow: 4.8-10.8
  • Darker yellow: 10.8-20.2
  • Lighter green: 20.2-39.2
  • Dark green: 39.2-46.2
  • Darkest green: 46.2-68.7
  • Gray: No data

Productivity per Hours Worked in the Eurozone

 

 

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Obama/Biden and Romney/Ryan Issues

Is the US economy less sick? Comparing January 2009 when Obama became president and now, let’s see how its “symptoms” have changed.

Approximately the Same:

  • Jobs: During January, 2009, the employment number, 133 million, was very similar to today’s. Unemployment too, was close to 8% then and during August.
  • Incomes: Close to $32,000, average real disposable income is pretty close to where it was 4 years ago. By disposable income, we mean the amount we have left to spend after taxes and inflation.
  • Homeowners’ Equity: The amount of ownership people have in their houses remains at approximately 40%. (In 2005, homeowners’ equity was far better at 60%. But then the stock and housing markets crashed and we also had the Dec. 2007-June 2009 recession.)

 

Worse:

  • Gasoline prices: The average price of a gallon of regular gas went up from $1.79 to $3.72.

 

Better:

  • Stock Markets: Reflected by the Dow, stock market indices have soared but they are only returning to previous highs that pre-dated 2009.

 

This Washington Post chart from financial columnist Robert Samuelson summarizes the data:

2009 2012 Percent change
Jobs (in millions) 133.6 133.2 -0.3
Unemployment rate (percent) 7.8 8.3 +6.4
Disposable per capita income (2005 dollars, adjusted for inflation) $32,417 $32,778 +1.1
Average hourly earnings $22.03 $23.52 +6.8
Inflation (January 2009 = 100) 100 107.9 +7.9
Gallon of gasoline $1.79 $3.72 +107.8
Dow Jones industrial average 8,281 13,292 +60.5
Consumer confidence(1985 = 100) 37.4 60.6 +62.0

 

Where does it all take us? To the GDP.

As a measure of our overall health, GDP, the dollar value of the goods and services we annually produce, is an ideal “thermometer.” During the first quarter of 2009, the GDP decreased at a 5.9% rate. Currently, for the second quarter of 2012, it grew 1.7%. So yes, the GDP has improved considerably but, with a 1.7% growth rate, it is still not healthy. (Here is more GDP data from the Bureau of Economic Research, BEA.)

And finally, returning to the candidates, which “medicine” will make the GDP better?Obama/Biden’s government remedies or Romney/Ryan’s business cure?

Sources and Resources: Many of the ideas and almost all of the stats I cite are from Robert Samuelson’s September 6th Washington Post column, “Are Your Better Off Now Than Four Years Ago?” To compare the “better off” question with other presidencies, this WSJ.com interactive is fascinating.

Election Economics Topics:

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By Mira Korber, guest blogger.

The U.S. economy added 227,000 jobs in February. That’s more than the 210,000 jobs economists forecast for the month, though the current unemployment rate is still high: 8.3%. (For a different take on the issue, read here.)

This analysis of the jobs report determines that with sustained growth of 250,000 jobs/month by November, election time employment will clock in at 8%.

Sunny news, right? Yes, but maintaining this growth rate would only bring employment back to pre-recession rates after a whopping eight years, according Michael Greenstone and Adam Looney of the Hamilton Project. Find their study on the “jobs gap,” including demographics, immigration, and generational variables, here.

Though slightly dated, this study shows why the average American may not “feel” as though things are getting better. The higher the GDP, the more quickly employment will increase, but the gap between what the US could produce and what it actually produces is ever broadening. Until the actual production catches up with potential production, employment cannot fully recover. Unfortunately, if growth hovers around 2%, employment won’t catch up at all.

And with a growing labor force, that proves a challenge.

The Economic Lesson

In the past decade we’ve experienced “jobless recoveries.” By contrast, we’re adding jobs right now, but can it last with a sluggish GDP? Read here for financial journalist David Leonhardt’s opinion.

An Economic Question: Do you think high unemployment is a positive incentive for young people to start their own business ventures, as this TIME article suggests?

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There are so many reasons not to change the US Postal Service. For tough to reach rural communities, post offices are conveniently located. For homebound elderly, 6-day dependable prescription delivery is crucial. USPS workers have been promised generous pension dollars. The USPS employs more than 600,000 people. Amazon would like us to receive books on Saturday. Or, maybe checking the mailbox almost everyday is just what we are used to.

But, on the other hand…

The USPS is hemorrhaging money. Mail volume is plunging and expenses are soaring. Supposedly supporting itself through stamp money and other services, by the end of 2011, the USPS will have a $10 billion loss. A USPS paper says that were it a private business, it would already have filed for bankruptcy.

The bottom line?

Should the USPS offer fewer services and if so, what? Or should its expense be further added to an already astronomical federal deficit?

The Economic Lesson

Every decision has an opportunity cost. Choosing is refusing.

If we choose less spending, then what USPS service are we willing to sacrifice? Change contractual retiree benefits? Increase the price of stamps? Close less-used post offices and distribution facilities? Sell real estate? Charge more for Saturday delivery? Slower service?

An Economic Question: If you were solving the USPS financial crisis what opportunity cost would you accept as a tradeoff?

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