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Tag Archives: mixed economy

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Thinking about our mixed economy in which government and the market intermingle, I have always gravitated to this quote from former Secretary of the Treasury, Lawrence Summers:

  • “In the history of the world, nobody has ever washed a rented car.”

And now, doing a bit of research on the colonial United States, I wanted to share the same ideas from 18th century economist Arthur Young:

  • “The magic of property turns sand into gold.”
  • “Give a man the secure possession of a bleak rock, and he will turn it into a garden; give him a nine years’ lease of a garden, and he will convert it into a desert.”

Finally though, maybe this comment from a blogger at The Economist can take us a step further. His example is a case study on military airplanes and how maintenance workers who had long term oversight of the same equipment felt “ownership” more strongly than specialists who were responsible for the engine or the wing of thousands of aircraft. His point is that it all depends on how the job is structured.

My bottom line? In our mixed economy, can we retain the incentives of “ownership?’

Sources and Resources: I recommend reading the entire blog from The Economist for a full discussion of the origins and limits of the Summers quote. And, for slightly more about Arthur Young, here is a brief bio.

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Have you ever washed a rented car? Former Treasury Secretary Lawrence Summers tells us that, “In the history of the world,” no one has.

For rental cars and Cuban houses, lack of ownership is the common denominator. When Fidel Castro took control of Cuba, he declared that everyone would get a home but no one could buy or sell one. As a result, described by NPR, everywhere, walls are patched with scrap metal, grillwork is rusty, and facades are crumbling.

Now, with Raul Castro, Fidel’s brother, announcing that Cuban citizens could sell their homes, renovation, painting, maintenance and for sale signs are popping up everywhere.

The power of the market system?

Here is an NPR report on Cuban small business start-ups.

The Economic Lesson

Cuba imports 80% of its food supply while the price of nickel, its main export, and tourism, its main “import,” have both declined. Raul Castro said, “We have to erase forever the notion that Cuba is the only nation in the world where it is not necessary to work,” The Economist suggests he might be leading his nation toward a Chinese type of mixed economy.

A mixed economy combines government intervention with a market system. You might want to look at the Index of Economic Freedom to see the extent to which 179 economies are mixed.

An Economic Question: Moving from a command economy to the market, how might incentives change?

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In a  wonderful NYC Radio Lab podcast about success, Malcolm Gladwell also explains why genius is closely related to love.

Recorded at the  92nd Street Y in NYC, writer Malcolm Gladwell and Radio Lab host Robert Shulwich preceded their conclusions about genius with reasons that people are successful. Gladwell began with a list of birth dates for Canadian hockey players. Pointing out that 17 of a group of 25 were born between January and April, he said the reason was the cut off date for children’s hockey leagues. With a January 1st cut off date, the boys who just missed the deadline were the biggest and oldest in the next class. The result? They were the best, got reinforced as the best, and excelled at hockey.

Similarly fortuitous, Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates attended a private school whose students were given the opportunity to use a computer long before before PCs and Apples existed. As a result, he knew when mainframe computer time was available in the middle of the night at a university and, as a teenager, regularly snuck out of his home to use it.

And this takes us to love. Not only did Bill Gates have an opportunity but he loved what he was doing. According to Malcolm Gladwell, most of us are successful and even rise to the genius level because of more than brains. It often is a combination of luck, talent, and love.

Malcolm Gladwell also looked at success in a 2008 New Yorker Magazine article. Commenting on football players, teachers, and financial advisors, he discusses how tough it is to predict success. People can earn the right degrees, function well during interviews, and perform optimally in similar situations. Still, selecting the person who will be truly successful in a job happens less frequently than we might expect.

The Economic Lesson

In our mixed economy, with the market and government both affecting production and distribution, success is nurtured through a variety of incentives. Starting with demand and supply, many of the the market’s incentives focus on self-interest. Through taxes, spending, and regulatory policy, government can target incentives more specifically to shape our behavior. Consequently, aren’t the market and government providing a definition of success?

And then, we can return to Malcolm Gladwell with his recipe for achieving success and his observation that success is tough to predict.

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Last summer, at a Fourth of July picnic, a 75 year old great-grandmother, told by her doctor not to eat a hot dog because of its high sodium content, said, “I’m going to have a hot dog.  If I’m dead in the morning, I’ll never know.”

Other random health care notes…
1. A recent study concluded that Medicare costs are skyrocketing because of outpatient treatment of obesity related diseases.
2. A typical person in NY state drinks 46 gallons of sugary drinks annually which contain a total of forty pounds of sugar.  Sixty percent of adults and twenty-five percent of children in NY state are obese or overweight.
3. Starting next September, NY State might levy a tax on sugary drinks.
4. Pondering national health legislation and perhaps universal coverage, six Congressmen were pictured eating chippers, aka “North Dakota Diet Food” (chocolate-covered potato chips).

All of this takes me to a dilemma.  If government pays for our health care, should it have the right to tell us what to eat? 

The Economic Life
Whenever a nation answers the three basic economic questions–what to produce, how to produce, and who gets income–it is deciding the role for government.  We could imagine a continuum with the free market at one end and a command economy on the other side.  Adding government programs pushes that country closer to the command/government end.  Many economies have a mixture of a free market and government.

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