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Tag Archives: TED talks

sheryl-sandberg

By Lilli DeBode, guest blogger, senior at Kent Place School

Almost a month ago, COO of Facebook, Sheryl Sandberg, released her book “Lean in—Women, Work, and the will to lead.” In the past few weeks the author has received a lot of criticism; some say her book encourages women to change as opposed to encouraging society as a whole to change. Others say that her book only applies to a small group of elite women and her suggestions are simply unrealistic for the typical American woman. I say yes, her suggestions do focus on a very specific demographic of women, but they are extremely noteworthy and should be taken seriously.

In 2010 Sandberg gave a famous TED Talk on the [lack of] progress of women in the workforce. This video has been watched over two million times, and in just 15 minutes provides her female viewers with her three simple suggestions on how to achieve success in the workplace.

Her first point: “Sit at the Table.” Sandberg says that women systematically underestimate themselves while men often overestimate themselves. This is one of the key reasons there aren’t as many women as men in top corporate positions. When women are successful they attribute it to help from others, luck, or hard work. In addition, Sandberg brings up a study showing the salaries of Carnegie Mellon MBA graduates. In the study, women’s starting salaries were almost $4,000 less than those of their male peers. Why is this? Because only 7% of the women negotiated their salaries while 57% of the men asked for more money. Sandberg sums it up perfectly: “No one gets the promotion they don’t think they deserve.”

Her second point is very simple: “Make your partner a real partner.” In order for women to be successful in the workplace they need their partners to help out at home. Right now, full-time working women do twice as much housework and three times as much childcare as their male partners do.  The ratio needs to be 50:50 if women are to have a shot at those promotions.

Finally her last point: “Don’t leave before you leave.” After interacting with many young women, Sandberg recognized a trend that is causing them to lower their aspirations. She found that long before they even have husbands, many young women start to minimize their career ambitions in preparation for the day that they have to leave to workforce to take care of their children. As a result, women pass up exciting career opportunities, thus making the idea of returning to work once they actually have children less appealing. In order to combat this premature settling, Sandberg urges young women to “Keep your foot on the gas pedal until the very day you need to leave.”

Sources and Resources: Watch Sandberg’s TED talk here. To learn more about her lecture, read this article from The Atlantic. To learn more about the Carnegie Mellon study she sited, click here.

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Conveying their special type of economic humor, the Onion has done a series called Onion Talks. They sound like TED talks, they look like TED talks but they are not really TED talks. Describing the series, its head writer Sam West said it would resemble TED, “only instead of a good idea it would be a ludicrous one.”

Tag lines?

  • For TED it is “Ideas worth spreading.”
  • For the Onion, “No mind will be left unchanged.”

 

For example, as a counterpoint to a TED talk in which the merits of silence are demonstrated through  Gandhi, Rosa Parks and Eleanor Roosevelt, the Onion talks speaker pontificates about the power of loudness.

The best one that I watched (below) is, “Compost-Fueled Cars: Wouldn’t That Be Great?”

Our economic bottom line: Enjoy! It is worth the opportunity cost.

Sources and Resources: This New Yorker article tells more about Onion Talks and here is the series on YouTube.

 

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Henry Ford once said that: ”If I’d have asked my customers what they wanted, they would have told me ‘A faster horse.’ ”

Similarly, asked about spaghetti sauce during the 1980s, consumers primarily knew about Ragu’s plain, marinara and meat sauces. Because other tastes and textures were not mass marketed, preferences were limited.

But then, Prego hired Howard Moskowitz, a psychologist, to build its market share. Using 45 varieties of spaghetti sauce that were designed to vary in every imaginable way including thickness, sweetness, saltiness and smell, Moskowitz had focus groups consume 8 to 10 small bowls that they rated from 1 to 100. When the test groups selected chunky as their favorite, he knew he had a winner. Prego became the first to market an extra chunky sauce and their market share soared.

Moskowitz’s approach was ideal for an oligopoly. Defined as a market in which very few firms dominate, oligopolies use product differentiation to compete. For the Prego division of Campbell’s, a chunky sauce separated them from Ragu. And now, the rest is history if you look at the array of sauces sold by Prego and Ragu.

Listening to Malcolm Gladwell tell the spaghetti story in a TED talk and then reading it, I was also fascinated by his allusion to coffee. Most people say that they enjoy a rich, dark and hearty roast when asked the kind of coffee they like. Actually though, taste tests indicate sweet, watery milky coffee is what most of us prefer. I assume that is why Starbucks has recently added a “light” alternative to its dark and medium roasts.

 

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South Korea and Finland Have the World's Best Education Systems

For laughing and learning this TED talk is wonderful. 

Having digitized 15 million books, Google enabled us to access a mammoth body of knowledge. However, just reading the entries from the year 2000, without eating or sleeping, absorbing 200 words a minute, would take someone 80 years. How then to learn from an information avalanche that could easily bury you?

Culturomics.

A new discipline focusing on the frequency of selected words and phrases, culturomics conveys trends and I suspect much more. The TED researchers told us, for example, that the word “women” appears much more frequently than “men” after 1970. They also compared the date that that an innovation appeared to when its name became common usage. As you might expect, since 1800, the time span has narrowed considerably. Even censorship in Nazi Germany can be displayed through their database.

You can see why their website is addictive. Entering apple, for example, I observed when its usage skyrocketed. Then I compared it to PC to see how their trajectories differed. I also tried stock market, 1929 and Adam Smith.

What is an n-gram? It is the word(s) that their database tracks. For example, “the United States of America” is a 5-gram and 1929 is a 1-gram. 

The Economic Lesson

As the U.S. economy grew, so too did the “infrastructures” that facilitated its expansion. A transportation infrastructure of roads, canals, and railroads moved people and goods. Our financial infrastructure moves money and credit. Google’s accomplishments and n-grams relate to our information infrastructure.

An economic question: What might compose a financial and information infrastructure?

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