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Tag Archives: unskilled workers

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The number of bank robberies is plunging. Maybe it’s outsourcing…just like manufacturing?

During 2011, the number of bank robberies declined to a 9-year trough of close to 5000. The reason, according to one analyst, is technology.

As we spend more online and swipe more at Starbucks and elsewhere, we need less currency. Consequently, bank tellers need less cash. The result? Less to rob. A typical bank robbery now nets $8623. Three to five years ago, the total was between 10 and 15 thousand dollars. Maybe hacking, a more lucrative approach, is taking over the trade.

Our Bottom Line: Just like manufacturing, the skills needed for a successful bank heist are shifting. Economists might characterize the trend as structural unemployment. With jobs digitizing, the fundamental structure of the U.S. economy is changing. Whether it’s jobless buggy whip makers when the auto took over or unemployed typewriter workers because of computers, structural unemployment demands new skills.

Similarly, the skills needed by a successful bank robber or lower level assembly line worker have been replaced.

You can see some interesting data from the FBI on bank robberies here. Looking at the numbers, I wondered why Connecticut and Texas had a disproportionately high number of bank robberies. Also, Monday is the least typical day for a heist. For the analyst who formed the hypothesis about declining bank robberies, here is a Bloomberg interview from their “Weird Wall Street” series. And finally, for an historical summary of the structural changes in manufacturing, this Economist article on “The Third Industrial Revolution” was good.

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A friend recently said to me, “The U.S. just doesn’t make anything anymore.”

But we do. It’s just harder to see it.

To observe contemporary U.S. manufacturing, you could go to Greenville, South Carolina. At an auto parts factory making precision parts, the typical skilled worker uses a computer to run a machine, knows calculus, trigonometry, algebra and programming language. To be hired, he also needed formal technical instruction and previous on-the-job experience. By contrast, having had minimal training and education, the unskilled worker interviewed in this Planet Money podcast placed parts in molds and then removed them.

The bottom line? Employing more high technology and fewer people, U.S. manufacturing output is steadily growing. However, if the operation is insufficiently cost effective, it will leave.

This takes us to Apple. When Steve Jobs had dinner with President Obama during 2011 and told him that Apple’s jobs in China will never return, his message was a reality check.  Skilled workers will earn more and work more here while the opportunities for the unskilled move beyond U.S. borders.

The Economic Lesson

In “Race Against the Machine,” MIT researchers Eric Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee explain the structural change that the U.S. economy is undergoing.

Currently 9% of the U.S. labor force, the number of manufacturing jobs has plunged since 1999.

In 1960, the 3 largest U.S. employers and the number of people who worked for them were:

  • General Motors (595,200)
  • the Bell System/aka AT&T (580,400)
  • Ford Motor (260,600)

During 2010, the top U.S. employers and their employees:

  • Walmart (2,100,000)
  • Kelly Services/office temps (538,000)
  • IBM (426,751)

An Economic Question: Comparing 1960 to 2010, what type of fundamental, structural change has the U.S. economy experienced?

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