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Tag Archives: women’s rights

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By Lilli DeBode, guest blogger, senior at Kent Place School

Last Tuesday, April 9th was Equal Pay Day, the day symbolizing how far into 2013 women need to work in order to earn what men earned in 2012. You can hear all the numbers and statistics, see all of the graphs and tables, but nothing puts it into perspective quite like this. Women need to work roughly a third of a year longer in order to make what their male counterparts make. Let that sink in.

2013 marks the 50 year anniversary of the passing of the Equal Pay Act. A half a century ago, John F. Kennedy said that this act would help to end “the unconscionable practice of paying female employees less wages than male employees for the same job.” But 50 years later we still need to have an equal pay day. And although the situation is a lot better, we’re not that close to equality (four months is a pretty long time).

One solution that could make a huge difference is the Paycheck Fairness Act, which has been passed by the house twice. The act would combat a key component to gender wage gap: pay secrecy policies. In 2011, a poll showed that 50% of employees and 61% of employees in the private sector have worked in an environment where discussion of wages and salaries are either prohibited or discouraged by managers. By keeping employees from finding out the salaries of their coworkers, employers are able to carry on pay discrimination without any trouble. The Paycheck Fairness Act would ban retaliation against workers who discuss their wages, fundamentally banning pay secrecy.

President Obama spoke about fair pay in his State of the Union speech two months ago, showing that this longstanding problem has not been forgotten in Washington. This is a promising sign that more steps will be taken towards finally closing the gender wage gap in the near future.

Sources and Resources: To learn more about Equal Pay Day click here. Read this USA Today article to learn more about the gender pay gap.

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The Surprising Glass Ceiling in Sweden and France

Sometimes it is tough to make your economy more productive.

In Saudi Arabia, just one woman at the office means you have to have a thick barrier separating her from everyone else. She needs her own entrance, her own bathroom, and a security guard to be sure she and all other females have no contact with the men. Meanwhile, if she wants to work for you, a man has to be available, maybe her husband or father, to drive her to work each day. If she earns some money, a man has to open her bank account.

In a World Economic Forum gender gap report, Saudi Arabia scored zero for women’s political empowerment. Surpassing only Pakistan and Yemen, the Saudis were ranked 133 out of 135 countries for women’s economic participation and opportunity. Yes, they do have the world’s largest all female university but many graduates are unemployed.

With this huge underutilization of talent, what to do? The Saudi answer is a female friendly city.

MODON (the Saudi Industrial Property Authority) has announced that it has begun to plan and develop a prototype industrial city for approximately 50 business projects that will create 2000 to 5000 jobs for men and women. The project is unique because its women-only sections will preserve the religious rules “consistent with the privacy of women according to Islamic guidelines…” while its location will enable women to get to work more easily. Combining religion, women, investors and entrepreneurs, the model is designed to spread throughout the Kingdom.

Looking at the constraints on Saudi women, I keep returning to thoughts about human capital. Reflecting the skills, creativity and education that people bring to the workplace, human capital fuels economic growth. By limiting women’s access to jobs, to shopping, to financial services, the Saudi government is diminishing its human capital, its economic potential, and its productivity.

Researching this post I started with an article from the Guardian but soon discovered that it and other news outlets inaccurately stated that the Saudi industrial cities would be single sex/women only. I am basing my facts on the Saudi press release from MODON. Also, you might enjoy reading more about Saudi women here at econlife.

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The Surprising Glass Ceiling in Sweden and France

In colonial Massachusetts, the law required boys to attend school while girls were primarily educated at home. Because it was illegal for a married woman to own land, Abigail Adams had to use John’s name anytime she bought or sold land. And Abigail could not attend Harvard but John did.

Fast forward to 2012. In varying degrees around the world, still, women lack economic opportunity. In a recent report, The Economist tells us where and how.

First, a quick look at their criteria. Focusing on 5 broad categories, they looked at labor policy, finance, education, legal status and general business conditions. More specifically, variables included pay discrimination, ability to create a credit history, access to education, protection from violence, and property rights.

Next, the results.

Overall, ranking 128 countries, Sweden is first and Sudan last. The U.S. is #14.

Also dividing the world by affluence, researchers looked at 4 income groups. Among the 32 wealthiest nations, Sweden provides women with the most opportunity and Saudi Arabia with the least. For the next group, Lithuania tops the list and Algeria, #31 is last. The Lower Middle Income Group is led by Thailand while Sudan, #39, is at the bottom. And finally, among the poorest nations, Kenya gives women a lot more opportunity than Chad, #20.

The Economic Lesson

Why do women’s opportunities matter? One reason is economic growth. As one World Bank report concluded, “Societies that have a preference for not investing in girls pay a price for it in terms of slower growth and lower income.”

An Economic Question: Just referring to education, at home and at work, how might a women’s productive impact on economic growth change? Being able to drive a car? Owning property?

 

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